We have succeeded in forming NaLi molecules in their triplet ground state from an ultracold mixture of Na and Li atoms. This is done in two steps. First, loosely bound Feshbach molecules are created by careful sweeping of magnetic field around a Feshbach resonance, where the energy for a state of two free atoms becomes degenerate with the energy for the bound molecular state of the two atoms, but with different internal electronic and nuclear spins is done. A magnetic field can be used to tune the energy difference between these two states to zero because the different spin orientations lead to different magnetic moments of the two-atom system. Second, loosely bound molecules are transferred to tightly bound triplet ground state molecules via Stimulated Raman adiabatic passage(STIRAP).
Usually, when the magnetic field is swept across a Feshbach resonance, the atom pair is adiabatically transferred to the molecular bound state because the two are coupled by the hyperfine interactions in the system. However, in the Na + Li system, such hyperfine-induced Feshbach resonances are at very high magnetic fields that are out of experimental range. Instead, we worked around a Feshbach resonance at 745G that is produced by weak dipole-dipole coupling between the atoms. This coupling term is orders of magnitude weaker than the hyperfine interaction, meaning that the requirements for successful adiabatic conversion of atom pairs to molecules become extraordinarily demanding. However, by carefully controlling our magnetic field stability and sweep sequence, we were able to rapidly jump the field near resonance, do a slow, adiabatic sweep across the very narrow, ~mG wide range of the Feshbach resonance, and then immediately jump the field away from resonance again to isolate the molecules for imaging. This produced a fraction of NaLi molecules from our initial atomic mixture, and perhaps represents successful molecule formation around the most difficult Feshbach resonance ever used.
The NaLi molecule, the lightest bi-alkali molecule, in the triplet ground state have long collisional lifetime which allow us to investigate the complexity of chemical reactions by finding links to scattering theory. We have previously observed internal state dependent collision of Na-NaLi mixture and have seen favorable collisional properties in their fully stretched states enabling collisional cooling of NaLi molecules. We are interested in the observation of magnetically controlled collision of Na-NaLi mixture. This can give positive influence on understanding molecular collisions in the quantum regime and discovering more efficient way of sympathetic cooling of molecules.