World Fisheries
48
Country
Aquaculture
Catch
Total
Aquaculture
Catch
Total
China
24,580,671
16,987,325
41,567,996
26,050,101
16,529,389
42,579,490
Peru
6,801
10,658,620
10,665,421
9,404
7,986,103
7,995,507
India
1,942,204
3,742,296
5,684,500
2,202,630
3,762,600
5,965,230
Japan
762,824
4,971,412
5,734,236
801,948
4,719,152
5,521,100
United States
428,262
4,745,321
5,173,583
460,998
4,944,406
5,405,404
Indonesia
788,500
4,069,691
4,858,191
864,276
4,203,830
5,068,106
Chile
391,587
4,300,160
4,691,747
566,096
3,797,143
4,363,239
Russian Federation
74,124
3,973,535
4,047,659
89,945
3,628,323
3,718,268
Thailand
731,955
2,911,173
3,643,128
724,228
2,881,316
3,605,544
Norway
491,284
2,703,415
3,194,699
512,101
2,687,303
3,199,404
Philippines
393,861
1,893,017
2,286,878
434,657
1,945,217
2,379,874
South Korea
293,420
1,823,175
2,116,595
294,484
1,988,002
2,282,486
Viet Nam
510,555
1,450,590
1,961,145
518,500
1,491,123
2,009,623
Iceland
3,623
1,982,522
1,986,145
4,371
1,980,715
1,985,086
Bangladesh
657,121
1,004,264
1,661,385
687,000
1,000,000
1,687,000
Denmark
43,609
1,534,089
1,577,698
41,573
1,510,439
1,552,012
Mexico
53,918
1,315,581
1,369,499
76,075
1,398,592
1,474,667
Spain
312,171
1,045,488
1,357,659
312,647
1,084,820
1,397,467
Malaysia
151,773
1,289,245
1,441,018
158,158
1,234,733
1,392,891
China - Taipei
243,856
1,093,889
1,337,745
297,428
1,005,199
1,302,627
All others
2,625,064
21,945,012
24,570,076
2,744,736
22,577,629
25,322,365
Total
35,487,183 95,439,820
130,927,003 37,851,356 92,356,034
130,207,390
Note:--For the United Statesthe weight of clams, oysters, scallops, and other mollusks includes the shell weight. This
weight is not included in U.S.landings shown elsewhere. Data for marine mammals and aquatic plants are excluded.
Source:--Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).
- - - - - - - - - -Metric tons- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - -Metric tons- - - - - - - - -
Live-weight
Live-weight
WORLD AQUACULTURE AND COMMERCIAL CATCHES BY COUNTRY http://64.233.169.104/search?q=cache:SiUXrD6_IBEJ:www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/st1/fus/current/04_world2002.pdf+world+fisheries+china&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=5&gl=us&client=firefox-a http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/english/200010/31/eng20001031_54032.html
The Chinese government has worked to propel the sustainable growth pattern of its fishery resources and will need to cooperate with the rest of the world, said Liu Chengguo, vice minister of Agriculture.
The four-day congress is sponsored by the China Society of Fisheries, the World Aquaculture Society, Asian Fisheries Society and American Fisheries Society. It takes place once every four years.
http://www.greenfacts.org/en/fisheries/index.htm#3
n response to these changes, many RFBs have reviewed or amended their respective agreements or conventions. However, the 1982 UN Convention, itself, can be considered inadequate as a mechanism for promoting effective fisheries management, in view of three interrelated factors:
- The Convention does not confer management authority on RFBs.
- The Convention ushered in an era of newly declared sovereign rights over extended areas of ocean space, which became a paramount consideration for many coastal states.
- The general state of the world fisheries resources at the time did not appear to be particularly worrisome. As a result, many RFBs remained virtually inactive with respect to effective fisheries management.
http://www.greenfacts.org/en/fisheries/l-3/07-regulation.htm#1p1 Regrettably, assessments show that strengthened governance of RFBs does not always translate into more effective fisheries management. One of the main constraints faced by RFBs is a lack of willingness on the part of member countries to delegate sufficient decision-making power and responsibilities to RFBs, combined, in some cases, with an inability or reluctance to implement decisions taken by them.
http://www.greenfacts.org/en/fisheries/l-3/07-regulation.htm#1p1 Market forces are exerting a strong influence on aquaculture development, particularly that of commercial and industrial aquaculture. Middle-class consumers in many developed and developing countries are becoming increasingly influential and concerned about what they eat and at what cost food is produced, especially in the case of internationally traded products. Major importing regions and countries have begun to set stringent standards and regulations to ensure quality and safety and to reduce the social and environmental impacts of production. Aspects covered by these standards include trade in endangered species, labelling for origin, traceability, the chain of custody and zero tolerance for certain veterinary drug residues. In 2002, fish and fishery products represented the largest category (over 25 percent) of food safety and quality alerts in the EU. http://www.greenfacts.org/en/fisheries/l-3/07-regulation.htm#1p1 The big winner in the animal protein sweepstakes has been aquaculture, largely because fish are highly efficient at converting feed into protein. Aquacultural output expanded from 13 million tons in 1990 to 38 million tons in 2002, growing by more than 10 percent a year. Chinais the leading producer, accounting for two thirds of the global output in 2000. Its output, rather evenly divided between coastal and inland areas, is dominated by finfish (mostly carp), which are produced inland in freshwater ponds, lakes, reservoirs, and rice paddies, and by shellfish (mostly oysters, clams, and mussels), which are produced in coastal regions.23
Over time, Chinahas evolved a remarkably efficient fish polyculture using four types of carp that feed at different levels of the food chain, in effect emulating natural aquatic ecosystems. Silver carp and bighead carp are filter feeders, eating phytoplankton and zooplankton respectively. The grass carp, as its name implies, feeds largely on vegetation, while the common carp is a bottom feeder, living on detritus on the bottom. China's aquaculture is often integrated with agriculture, enabling farmers to use agricultural wastes, such as pig or duck manure, to fertilize ponds, thus stimulating the growth of plankton. Fish polyculture, which typically boosts pond productivity over that of monocultures by at least half, also dominates fish farming in India.24
As land and water become ever more scarce, China's fish farmers are feeding more grain concentrates in order to raise pond productivity. Using this technique, China's farmers raised the annual pond yield per hectare from 2.4 tons of fish in 1990 to 4.1 tons in 1996.25
ublic attention has focused on aquacultural operations that are environmentally disruptive, such as the farming of salmon, a carnivorous species, and shrimp. Yet these operations account for only 1.5 million tons of output. World aquaculture is dominated by shellfish and by herbivorous species---mainly carp in Chinaand India, but also catfish in the United Statesand tilapia in several countries. This is where the potential for growth lies.27 http://64.233.169.104/search?q=cache:h5bEX3MtzxQJ:www.earth-policy.org/Books/PB/PBch8_ss4.htm+world+fisheries+china&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=9&gl=us&client=firefox-a
The post-UNCLOS technological and geographical expansion extended the trend of catch increase, if at a slower rate. Global catches began to decline in the late 1980s, a trend reversal due to broad-based collapse of the underlying ecosystems, long masked by systematic over-reporting by China (Watson & Pauly 2001; figure 1), and the targeting of deep water stocks (see figure 3). Several major studies, by Jacksonet al. (2001), Christensenet al. (2003), and Myers & Worm (2003), showed that marine fisheries impact their resources base and their supporting ecosystems far more strongly than commonly assumed, thus providing further support for our explanation of observed catch trends. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1636108 The result is that more and more restrictions are being imposed on fisheries with little or no input from those fisheries themselves. I am here today to tell you with no hesitation, that virtually every problem facing the world's fisheries can be solved, including the threat posed by radical NGOs. But, that will not happen unless the industry itself decides that it must change how it operates. http://64.233.169.104/search?q=cache:QVnfSgNq_i0J:www.iwmc.org/fish/010101.rtf+world+fisheries+china&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=24&gl=us&client=firefox-a China remains by far the largest producer, with reported fisheriesproduction
of 44.3 million tonnes in 2002 (16.6 and 27.7 million tonnes from capture fisheries
and aquaculture, respectively), providing an estimated domestic food supply of
27.7 kg per capita as well as production for export and non-food purposes. However,
there are continued indications that capture fisheriesand aquaculture production
statistics for Chinamay be too high, as indicated i n The State of WorldFisheriesand
1
and that this problem has existed since the early 1990s. Because of
the importance of China and the uncertainty about its production statistics, China, as
in previous issues of this report, is generally discussed separately from the rest of the
STANDING UP TO CHINA The findings came as little surprise to Lee Alverson, a global fisheries consultant in Seattle who headed research for the National Marine Fisheries Service in the Northwest and Alaska from 1970 to 1980. "It takes a lot of nerve to make the sort of accusation they did about China, but there were a lot of scientists who felt nervous about those numbers," Alverson said. "If any of the nations are putting bogus numbers into the accounting process, then our ability to assess if overfishing is going on is in jeopardy." Pauly said the world community must end overfishing if it is to meet future food demands. The new studies, he said, are "dashing hopes that the sea can continue to meet our growing demand for fish." http://www.oceanicfisheries.net/