closed areas = completely closed / partially closed
past record
• 1994: federal government created year-round fishery closures on georges bank and adjacent areas
cod separated into different populations w/ different spawning times
migratory patterns: winter = offshore, summer = inshore
spawning locations: southeast/inland, inshore
benefits of closed areas
• prevent overfishing
• spillover effect - area around closed area benefits
• creates area for scientific studies to further improve conservation methods
areas to be closed
• spawning areas
• high density areas
solution:
• close area for spawning season
• weekly & seasonal quotas
• education on overfishing and closed marine areas for fishermen & fishing communities
• protect a fish throughout its life cycle
• keep each isolated population sustainable
criticisms of closed areas
• economic impact
• enforcement
• alternatives
• cod migration
• gis data