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Force
Historically, the first mathematical description of interactions in Newtonian Mechanics. Forces produce a change in the motion of a mass on which they act, according to F=ma (Newton's Second Law), which is a vector equation (the acceleration is in the direction of the net force). Forces result from several types of physical interactions, which always exert opposite forces on two different objects (Newton's Third Law).
MotivationforConcept"> Motivation for Concept
Newton's Laws
Newton's famous Three Laws of Motion together comprise his definition of force.
Newton's First Law
If an object is moving with no force acting upon it, then it will move with constant velocity. Note that velocity is a vector, so this statement implies that the object will keep the same speed and the same direction of motion. This directly contradicts the animistic view of motion in which the natural condition of a body is at rest with respect to its surroundings - the First Law says the natural state of a body is moving with zero acceleration, not zero velocity.
Newton's First Law
If an object is moving with no force acting upon it, then it will move with constant velocity. Note that velocity is a vector, so this statement implies that the object will keep the same speed and the same direction of motion. This directly contradicts the animistic view of motion in which the natural condition of a body is at rest with respect to its surroundings - the First Law says the natural state of a body is moving with zero acceleration, not zero velocity.
Newton's Second Law
The mathematical relationship between force and momentum, or, for systems with constant mass, the relationship between force and acceleration.
Newton's Second Law
The mathematical relationship between force and momentum, or, for systems with constant mass, the relationship between force and acceleration.
Newton's Third Law
Every force exerted on one body by a second body is paired with another force of equal magnitude and opposite direction exerted on the second body by the first.
">Newton's Third Law: Newton's Third Law
Every force exerted on one body by a second body is paired with another force of equal magnitude and opposite direction exerted on the second body by the first.
Newton's Third Law
Every force exerted on one body by a second body is paired with another force of equal magnitude and opposite direction exerted on the second body by the first.
Classification of Forces
There are many ways to classify forces. For the purposes of the modeling approach to physics, the most important classifications to understand are Internal vs. External and Conservative vs. Non-Conservative. Another commonly encountered classification of forces is by their status as "fundamental" vs. phenomenological.
Internal vs. External
internal force
A force exerted on one constituent of a specified system by another constituent of the same system. Internal forces do not affect the momentum of the system's center of mass, because their effects always cancel as required by Newton's Third Law.
">Internal Forces: internal force
A force exerted on one constituent of a specified system by another constituent of the same system. Internal forces do not affect the momentum of the system's center of mass, because their effects always cancel as required by Newton's Third Law.
internal force
A force exerted on one constituent of a specified system by another constituent of the same system. Internal forces do not affect the momentum of the system's center of mass, because their effects always cancel as required by Newton's Third Law.
external force
A force exerted on a constituent of a system by the environment.
">External Forces: external force
external force
Conservative vs. Non-Conservative
conservative force
A force which has an associated potential energy. In introductory mechanics, the only conservative forces generally encountered are gravitation (universal) and elastic forces which satisfy Hooke's Law for elastic interactions.
">Conservative Forces: conservative force
A force which has an associated potential energy. In introductory mechanics, the only conservative forces generally encountered are gravitation (universal) and elastic forces which satisfy Hooke's Law for elastic interactions.
conservative force
A force which has an associated potential energy. In introductory mechanics, the only conservative forces generally encountered are gravitation (universal) and elastic forces which satisfy Hooke's Law for elastic interactions.
non-conservative force
A force which does work on an object in a path-dependent manner. For example, any force that has more than one possible value at a specific position is non-conservative.
">Non-Conservative Forces:
Fundamental vs. Phenomenological
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[Phenomenological Forces]: The page phenomenological force could not be found.
ApplicationofNewton'sLaws"> Application of Newton's Laws
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