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Direct manipulation keyboard computer interface. | Desktop interface based on entering information verbally. | iPad/iPhone speech interface. |
Final (Anant)
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This interface is inspired from Skype Interface Left sidebar (3 main links) Contacts (to see all the contacts)
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| A call session
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| Arjun wants to explore the place after the call. He goes to Teleport and puts MIT Stata Center and clicks the button "Take Me here"
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Learnability
- The interface (see the home page) uses the user mental model of chatting, calling and video calling
- Most popular tool used by people for international calling is Skype -- this user interface is consistent with Skype interface
- Auto-highlighting of locations is consistent with hovering affordance (people are likely to hover over highlighted text)
Efficiency
- For direct manipulation -- only keyboard inputs (navigation controls, camera controls and altitude) to avoid switching latency (switching time between keyboard/mouse)
- Avoids any effect of mouse sensitivity
- Allows random exploration
Safety
- For screen 3: if location recognizer fails to recognize a location or recognizes wrong location, user can change it.
- The interface is extremely safe because use can change location, camera angle, altitude, direction at any point of time
Speech and Touch (Katya)
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| STEP 1: Arjun talks to his son, Raj, on iPad or iPhone. Raj describes how amazing it was to drive to LA from SFO through Highway 1. Teleport automatically stores spatial descriptions mentioned by Raj. |
| STEP 2: After talking to Raj, Arjun scrolls through spatial descriptions stored and picks one. Avatar ask whether he wants to travel by foot or car and then how would he like to describe the route: 1) by start and end 2) by landmarks 3) by a reference object. |
| Step 3: Depending on the option there are three possible moves: 1) say start and end locations; wait while the animation is generated; watch the animation. 2) say landmark locations; wait while the animation is generated; watch the animation. 3) say the reference object; use 'move forwards','move backward', 'turn right' and 'turn left' commands to navigate around the object. |
| STEP 4: Interaction viewing of animation. While watching the animation by tilting the phone to the right or left Arjun can interactively change viewing angle of the animation. |
| STEP 5: By Tapping over the objects Arjun can see additional information, such as name of the object, the weather at the moment of the conversation or even additional images if added by his son. |
Learnability
- Interface extensively uses visual clues that make interaction extremely intuitive for elderly people who are often not accustomed to the use of conventional desktops. Visual clues take advantage of conventional metaphors and colour.
- The use of metaphors and colour scheme are both internally and externally consistent.
- Furthermore, speech based interaction reduces cognitive load by sequentially offering relevant options.
- The interface implements animated icons that symbolise receiving speech or avatar's speech, giving a clear visual representation of system's state.
- The problem with learnability might occur if the system fails to recognise the speech command because it can be extremely difficult to explain to the user what is wrong in the way they say things: users might be pronouncing words not sufficiently clear, there may be background noise, users can use out of vocabulary words.
- In order to convey what verbal input is expected, questions are designed as either 1) restatement of the phrase used by the avatar (e.g. "Choose one of the following options…" expects a direct restatement of one of the options), or 2) when possible questions prompt a one word response (e.g. "Name the first landmark" or "Name the start of the route").
Efficiency
- Speech based interaction alone may be inefficient for users who use the system very often. The fact that the system asks the same questions can become irritating after some point.
- Nevertheless, the targeted user group is elderly people for whom physical manipulation often may pose additional challenges. From this point of view the interface is considered efficient.
- The interface combines speech and touch which allows to delegate problems that would be difficult to solve with speech only to a touch based interaction. For instance, In order to get additional information about an object the user needs to tap over the object. Another example is that the system records a history of spatial descriptions that the user can scroll through because memorising all the location is not feasible.
- Difficult to convey which statements will work. To help the situation the system asks questions that prompt one word response, such as "Name the first landmark" or "Name the start of the route". The system also provides and animated graphic representation of the expected input.
- Generating an animated video of a route can be very time consuming.
Safety
- The weakness of the system is that there is infinite number of speech commands that users can try.
- The interface improves safety of the system by making it to ask questions sequentially and in case of noisy input ask additional questions that help to disambiguate input.
- Generating animated videos of the route can be time consuming, therefore, there is a risk that users can get impatient and start tapping the screen or giving additional commands.
Story Search (Alex)
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| Arjun wants to talk to Raj, but Raj is busy. Arjun remembers the trip to Yosemite National Park that Raj told him about a few weeks back and wants to find out more about it. He logs into Teleport, and selects "Yosemite Park" from the stories that Raj has recorded in California. Arjun remembers Raj telling him about seeting a bear, and performs a search to see if Raj has any content that records that experience. |
| Arjun can now see the search results: In the "SEE" section of the results, Arjun can see that Raj has taken a picture of the bear and annotated it with a caption. Similarly, in the "READ" section, Arjun can see that Raj he has posted several tweets about seeing the bear. |
| Arjun now wants to know more about bears in the Yosemite area. Are bear sightings rare? Is Yosemite safe if there are bears all around? To do this, Arjun activates the "Explore" mode, and is shown interesting content relating to bears in Yosemite National Park. For example, Teleport pulls up a map of bear sightings in Yosemite that aggregates tweets like Raj's. It also brings up a list of news articles about bears that are published around Yosemite. |
Learnability
- The interface is extremely simple and does not require much of the user. Thus, we expect that this interface will be very learnable.
- The interface makes use of common affordances, like search bars and buttons.
- General function of buttons is conveyed through use of externally consistent icons.
- If users have not discussed all of the stories in the past (i.e. over email or in person), then the "Stories" section might be difficult to understand. The user might have to explore several stories until his finds the one that he is looking for.
Efficiency
- The interface allows the user to search through stories efficiently by first selecting a location and a story. The user can also filter based on the type of content that he wants to see: visual, textual, or aggregate. This allows faster access to the type of content that the user is interested in.
- If the use is unclear about what he is looking for, he can select "Explore" to see suggestions for content similar to what he has sought in the past. This allows the user to find relevant information automatically, rather than having to manually search the web based on "hints" from the stories he's heard.
Safety
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