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This data is taken for the month of January and is averaged from the years 1948-2016. The positive winds are northward, and the more purple colors are southward. We see that at high altitudes, there is poleward winds, and at low altitudes there are winds heading to the equator. We see air being pushed to the pole up high and returning to the equator at the surface, so we're missing the part that's pushing the air to the surface at higher latitudes and the convection plume at the equator.
The cooler colors are rising columns, and the warmer colors are sinking columns. While there are adjacent rising and sinking columns spanning the whole surface of the Earth, the strongest columns occur between the equator and 30N. The strongest columns appear in the North Hemisphere because it is wintertime there. When it is winter in the southern hemisphere, the strongest columns will be between the equator and 30S. The equatorial column corresponds to convection, and the 30N column corresponds to the point on the Earth at which the warm air has lost sufficient heat and sinks back to the surface. Putting the two pictures together, we can see the full cycle of the Hadley cell.
Eddy Heat Transport in the Tank
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Here is a quantitative graph of transient heat flux at different latitudes. Notice that the zonally averaged heat flux map shows that the maximum transient heat flux is ~6 PW, and this graph only shows 1-1.5 PW. The data set filtered out weather systems that were shorter than two weeks, so that could be it. Interesting!
Figure 1.92:
(Please do note that the Transient Heat Flux in Petawatts should not feature a 10^-21 factor; that should be omitted).
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