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The territorial sea is a region up to but not exceeding 12 nautical miles from a baseline, defined in Part I of the LOS as "the low-water line along the coast as marked on large-scale charts officially recognized by the coastal State." Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ) are areas not exceeding 200 nautical miles from the baseline in which the coastal state has exclusive mining rights to natural resources. While coastal states maintain sovereignty over their territorial seas, foreign vessels are permitted "innocent passage" without prejudice.
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Wiki Markup Strengthen coordination and cooperation of United Nations activities \[and secretariats of international organizations and bodies\] related to oceans and coastal areas;
- Review the relevant programmes and activities of the United Nations system, undertaken as part of its contribution to the implementation of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), Agenda 21 and the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation;
- Identify emerging issues, define joint actions and establish specific task teams to deal with these, as appropriate;
- Promote the integrated management of oceans at the international level...;
- Promote the coherence of United Nations system activities on oceans and coastal area... (UN-OCEANS, 2005).
The partners and/or potential partners of the UN-OCEANS program, which includes any agency expressing a will to be included, are the UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN-DESA), the UN Division of Ocean Affairs and Law of the Sea (UN-DOALOS), the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), the UN Environmental Program (UNEP), the World Bank (IBRD), the International Maritime Organization (IMO), the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), the UN Development Program (UNDP), the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), the International Seabed Authority (ISA), the International Labor Organization (ILO), the UN Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), the World Trade Organization (WTO), the World Health Organization (WHO), the UN Human Settlements Program ("UN-HABITAT"), the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands, the UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), the UN University, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), and the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO).
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1992 - Rio Declaration and Agenda 21 adopted by the United Nations Conference on the Environment and Development
1993 - Agreement to Promote Compliance with International Conservation and Management Measures by Fishing Vessels on the High Seas
1995 - Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries
1995 - Rome Consensus on World Fisheries
1995 - Kyoto Declaration and Plan of Action on the Sustainable Contribution of Fisheries to Food Security
1995 - Agreement for the Implementation of the Provision of the United Nations Convention of the Law of 10 December 1982 Relating to the Conservation and Management of Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks
These committees dealt with several issues including excess fleet capacity, bycatch and discards, and monitoring, control and surveillance (MCS). They also place more emphasis on the importance of the RFBs and increase their allocated abilities to control fisheries. They also impose certain restrictions on the RFBs: only members of RFBs can legally utilize resources under the control of a RFB. An RFB's actions must be transparent and use a precautionary approach to the management of fisheries. Nations under RFBs are also required to create a framework for carrying out MCS and enforcing international fishing agreements.
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