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The Law of the Sea is a complex and comprehensive document that, when put into action after the Convention on the Law of the Sea in 1982, formalized traditional maritime law, as well as outlined conduct of nations as it relates to boundaries, deep seabed mining, passage through territorial zones, settlement of international disputes, and marine research, among other topics. The Law of the Sea Treaty "marked the culmination of more than 14 years of work involving participation by more than 150 countries representing all regions of the world, all legal and political systems and the spectrum of socio/economic development" (Oceans and LOS, 2007).
Territorial sea is a region up to but not exceeding 12 nautical miles from a baseline. Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ) are areas not exceeding 200 nautical miles from the baseline in which the coastal State has exclusive mining rights to natural resources. While coastal States maintain sovereignty of territorial sea, foreign vessels are permitted "innocent passage" without prejudice.
UN Organizations
The UN has several branches to conduct research, compose law, enforce treaties, and settle disputes regarding the Law of the Sea and subsequent treaties relating to the governance of the oceans, coasts, and marine life.
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