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Their efforts to preserve the oceans are as follows: the Ministry runs five of the eighteen marine reserves off the coast of Spain, and produces around 300,000 tons in fish (including mollusks, fish, and crustaceans) from aquaculture, most of which is marine based (approx. 10% is land-based) (MAPA, 2002). "As in many other parts of Europe, in Spain, aquaculture and particularly that of salt water species, is nowadays perceived as the only means to preserve the present equilibrium between supply and
demand of fish products for human consumption" (____Bascrco, 45).
A center run by the MAPA is also tracking approx. 1,700 fishing vessels with portable on board "Blue Box" units. The government also employs GPS to track vessels (MAPA, 2002).
Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentacion. (2002). Fisheries in Spain. Madrid, Spain: Jose Ortega.
Basurco, B., & Larrazabal, G. (1997). "Marine fish farming in Spain." CIHEAM--Options Mediterraneennes, 30, 45-56.
Flag Hopping and Fishing under Flags of Convenience:
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