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| Organism | Domain | T opt (°C) | Cultivation | Substrate | Y H2 mmol/mmol C6 | Gram positive or negative? (AHL) | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thermobrachium celere | Bacteria | 67 | Batch | Glucose | 3.36 | gram positive | (Ciranna et al. 2011) |
| Clostridium stercorarium DSM 2910 | Bacteria | 58 | Continuous | Lactose | 1.57 | (Collet et al. 2004) | |
| Thermovorax subterraneus | Bacteria | 70 | Batch | Glucose | 1.4 | gram positive | (Mäkinen et al. 2009) |
Metabolic features of thermophilic hydrogen producers (modified and continued from Chou et al. 2008)
| Organism | Fermentability of feedstocks/polymers | CCR | Auxotrophy to amino acids | Electron carriers | Hydrogenasea | Reductant sink | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clostridia (Cl. thermocellum) | Starch, cellulose, lignocellulose | Yes | No | NADH, ferredoxin | Uptake, Fe-only, FNOR | Alcohol, organic acids, lactate | Johnson et al. (1981), Desvaux (2006) |
| Thermococcales(Pyroccus furiosus) | Maltose, cellobiose, β-glucans, starch | No | Yes | Ferredoxin | MBH, NiFe-only, FNOR | Alanine, ethanol | Hoaki et al. (1994), Maeder et al. (1999), Silva et al. (2000), Robb et al. (2001) |
| Thermotogales (T. maritima/T. neapolitana) | Cellulose, xylan, starch, cellobiose, lignocellulose | Yes | No | NADH, ferredoxin | Fe-only, NMOR, FNOR | Lactate, alanine | Schönheit and Schäfer (1995), Vargas and Noll (1996), Rinker and Kelly (2000), Bonch-Osmolovskaya (2001) |
| Caldicellulosiruptor(C. saccharolyticus) | Cellulose (avicel, amorp.), xylan, pectin, α-glucan, β-glucan, lignocellulose, guargum | No | No | NADH, ferredoxin | Fe-only, NiFe-only | Lactate, ethanol | Rainey et al. (1994), de Vrije et al. (2007), van de Werken et al. (2008), Ivanova et al. (2008), Willquist and van Niel (2012) |
| Thermoanaerobacter(T. tengcongensis MB4) | Starch, sucrose, glycerol | Yes | Yes | NADH, Ferredoxin | Fe-only, NiFe-only | Ethanol | Xue et al. (2001), Warner and Lolkema (2003), Soboh et al. (2004) |
CCR carbon catabolite repression
aTypes of hydrogenases—uptake, NiFe type hydrogen uptake hydrogenase, FNOR (ferredoxin:NAD(P)H oxidoreductase), Fe-only, Fe-only evolution hydrogenase, NiFe-only, NiFe-only evolution hydrogenase, NMOR (NADH:methylviologen oxidoreductase) and MBH (membrane-bound hydrogenase)
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