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3. What kinds of chemicals are released by the Tregs to suppress Teffs?
- (alt. modes of of action) It has been reported that Foxp3+ Treg cells exert suppression by cell contact–dependent mechanisms (for example, functional modulation by means of CD39, CD73 and LAG-3, or killing of APCs or responder T cells by means of granzyme and perforin) as well as mechanisms mediated by soluble factors (for example, secretion of immunosuppressive cytokines such as IL-10, TGF-β, IL-35 and galectin-1, or deprivation of cytokines (for example, IL-2) necessary for the expansion and/or survival of responder T cells65, 66, 67). It is thus likely that several mechanisms or modes of suppression may operate synergistically and in a complementary manner and that each mechanism contributes to suppression to a particular extent and under a certain condition. "
- IL-10, IL-9
- TGFβ
- Granzyme B?
- CTLA-4 (protein receptor on surface) http://www.nature.com/ni/journal/v11/n1/fig_tab/ni.1818_F2.html (highly expressed narturally; suppression directly leads to autoimmune disorder)
4. How can we modify MHC (or other APC surface protein) to release the chemicals normally released by Tregs when a Teff successfully binds MHC?
Other New, Relevant Information:
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